Logarithms tables and celestial navigation

Logarithms tables and celestial navigation: the purpose is to calculate the height of the sun (Hc) without a scientific calculator.

This calculated Hc is pivotal in achieving the primary objective of this website, which is to determine your line of position (LOP).

Synopsis of how to calculate the line of position with the tables
Synopsis of how to calculate the line of position with the tables
image of the line of position

Firstly, these five tables, developed by the author, should be used in chronological order to gradually fill in the spreadsheet and obtain the calculated height of the sun.


Flying Cory’s shearwater (Calonectris borealis), São Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected) Author image: Jules Verne Times Two

Explanation of the logarithm tables.

Logarithms tables and celestial navigation, these five tables, should be used in chronological order to gradually fill in the spreadsheet and obtain the calculated height of the sun.
These five tables, should be used in chronological order to gradually fill in the spreadsheet and obtain the calculated height of the sun.
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Table 1 to table 5:

Logarithms tables and celestial navigation, these five tables, should be used in chronological order to gradually fill in the spreadsheet and obtain the calculated height of the sun. (table 1,2 and 3)
Logarithms tables and celestial navigation, these five tables, should be used in chronological order to gradually fill in the spreadsheet and obtain the calculated height of the sun. (table 4 and 5)
decorative image: car slings

Overall, the use of logarithm tables will replace multiplication with addition.

Additionally, we will find an example and two exercises completed below. (the necessary pages of the tables included).

The idea is to continue with the concept of the D.R. position, and intercept but we no longer use the rule of signs (positive or negative)

Consequently, it will be replaced by the notion same name or not same name. (for examples on this page)


Logarithms tables and celestial navigation

Method

The logarithm tables

Also, we adhere to the same Saint-Marc-Hilaire method.

Furthermore, do not confuse it with the American HO 249 tables for aviation, which are based on different methods and are less precise.

Hence, these logarithm tables do not depend on time either.

The five tables

The logarithm tables and natural sine and cosine tables

Sun's altitude and logarithm tables at sea, decorative image of the logarithm tables.

The five tables necessary to obtain the calculated height (Hc)

  • Table 1: log cosine
  • Table 2: log versine
  • Table 3: natural cosine
  • Table 4: logarithms of whole numbers
  • Table 5: natural sine

The author developed these tables with the help of Google Sheets.

The tables are relatively easy to use and should be arranged in order before beginning calculations on our worksheet.

I printed the logarithm tables along with the azimuth tables, using only one XL cartridge, or you can check with your local printing house.

decorative image: heavy cargo stowing

Example of the five tables here:


Morro Rock in background, Morro Bay, CA. Author image: Mike Baird

Logarithms tables and celestial navigation:

Tables of logarithms aim to replace multiplications with additions in order to manipulate large numbers. By performing an addition by hand instead of a multiplication, one can replace the use of a calculator.

To convert natural numbers to logarithmic values, you need to use Tables 1, 2, and 3, then add these values together. Finally, Table 4 can be used to convert the logarithmic result back to a natural number.

Table 4 (logarithms of whole numbers)
image example of a page of the logarithm table "logarithms of whole numbers from 1000 to 10 000"

The table 4 is not intuitive, but it is easy to use once one knows the rules for using it.

In fact using tables as a tool, one does not need more knowledge in the sometimes very complicated world of logarithms.

Interpolation

It may happen that the input data into the table does not exactly match the values present in the table. In this case, it is necessary to use linear interpolation techniques between two values of the table.

You can estimate these interpolations and tolerate small errors

Use of tables

You can use these tables for the sun, moon, planets, and stars.(maximum Latitude and Declination 68° North and South) and and these tables are not time-dependent.


The Netherlands dutch island:Texel. Author image: Txllxt Txllxt

Logarithms tables and celestial navigation: Gain access to the exercises.

Indeed, in this course, you will find a total of four exercises with the logarithm tables, and the necessary pages of the tables and solution included.

Also, the interactive worksheet for the tables provides access to the these four exercises on the following pages:

1) example Hc with the logarithm tables

2) Two exercises Hc with logarithm tables and solutions

3) La Rochelle exercise

Once you have gone through them and become familiar with them, you can test your skills on the seven remaining exercises in the exercise section..

You need to purchase the PDF answer files of the remaining exercises in the store.


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This is an exceptional tool, but you need to be very organized!


Birds on the beach. Latvia. Author image: Dzintrina

For the purists, I explain how I established the worksheet using the Douwes formula, but you can directly go to the example of how to use the logarithm tables.

Douwes introduced the function Versine: (Versine is is always positive) Explanation of the Douwes formula. Dutch mathematicians and astronomer (1712 – 1773)